NO FEAR
Jesus told John not to be afraid (1:17). As the Roman government stepped up its persecution of Christians, John must have wondered if the church could survive and stand against the fearful opposition. But Jesus appeared in glory and splendor, touched John with his right hand as if commissioning him, and reassured him that he and his fellow believers had access to God’s strength to face these trials. Believers and churches of any age who face difficult problems should remember that the power available to John and the early church is also available to them (see 1 John 4:4). Because Christ has such wonderful power, we need not fear death or judgment.[1]
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VISION ONE, 1:9–3:22 |
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II. The Messages of the Glorified Christ to the
Seven Churches, 1:9–3:22 |
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A. The
Son of Man, the Glorified Christ, 1:9–20 |
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1. The
setting—PatmosDS1 a. John was a
brother &
companion to the believers 1) In trials 2) In the kingdom 3) In perseverance b. John received
the Word on the island of Patmos |
9 I
John, who also am your brother, and companion in tribulation, and in the
kingdom and patience of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that is called Patmos,
for the word of God, and for the testimony of Jesus Christ. |
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c. John was in a
spiritual trance on the Lord’s DayDS2 2. The
Lord’s loud, trumpeting voice: He gave instructions |
10 I
was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day, and heard behind me a great voice, as of
a trumpet, |
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a. John was to
write what he saw in a book b. John was to send the book to the seven churches in Asia |
11 Saying,
I am Alpha and Omega, the first and the last: and, What thou seest, write in
a book, and send it unto the seven
churches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto Smyrna, and unto Pergamos,
and unto Thyatira, and unto Sardis, and unto Philadelphia, and unto Laodicea. |
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3. The
Lord’s presence in the midst of the seven golden lampstands or the churches,
v.
20 |
12 And
I turned to see the voice that spake with me. And being turned, I saw seven
golden candlesticks; |
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4. The
Lord’s awesome & frightening appearance a. With a long robe b. With a gold
breastplate wrapped around His chest |
13 And
in the midst of the seven candlesticks one
like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt
about the paps with a golden girdle. |
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c. With hair like
white wool, as white as snow d. With eyes like a
blazing fire |
14 His
head and his hairs were white like wool, as white as
snow; and his eyes were as a flame
of fire; |
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e. With feet like
glowing bronze f. With a voice
like the sound of rushing waters |
15 And
his feet like unto fine brass, as if they burned in a furnace; and his voice
as the sound of many waters. |
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g. With seven stars
in His right-hand h. With a sword in
His mouth i. With His face
shining like the sun |
16 And
he had in his right hand seven stars: and out of his mouth went a sharp two-edged
sword: and his countenance was as
the sun shineth in his strength. |
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5. The
Lord’s reassuring presence a. John’s terrified reaction b. Jesus’ calm assurance c. Jesus’ identification 1) He is God—the First & the Last |
17 And when I saw him, I fell at
his feet as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the first and the last: |
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2) He is the resurrected, living Lord 3) He is the Judge of the universe |
18 I am he that liveth,
and was dead; and behold, I am alive forevermore, Amen; and have the keys of
hell and of death. |
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6. The Lord’s clear instructions |
19 Write
the things which thou hast seen, and the things which are, and the things
which shall be hereafter. |
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7. The
Lord’s interpretation of the vision a. The seven stars:
Are seven pastors b. The seven
lampstands: Are seven churches |
20 The
mystery of the seven stars which thou sawest in my right hand, and the seven
golden candlesticks. The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches:
and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches.[3] |
The Commissioner in the Prompting Cont. (Revelation 1:17–18)[4]
• His comforting. “Saying unto me, Fear not” (Revelation 1:17). The compassion of the Lord is
great even amidst a time of judgment. The compassion came to the pious. Those
who honor the Lord will experience His compassion the most.
• His consciousness. “I am he that liveth and was dead, and
behold; I am alive forevermore, Amen” (Revelation
1:18). The resurrection is prominent here. Without the resurrection,
Christ would be of little use to anyone.
• His control. “Have the keys of hell and of death” (Revelation 1:18). What men do with Jesus Christ determines their eternal destiny.[5]
5 (1:17–18)
Jesus Christ—Assurance: there was
the reassuring presence and care of the Lord. John was terrified. He fell at
the feet of the Lord as though he were dead. But note the calm assurance of
Christ. Christ reached out with His right hand and softly and tenderly touched
John, assuring Him that He was not there to consume him. Christ said four
things to John.
1. “Fear
not—do not be afraid” (v.17). He was
declaring that He had not appeared to John in judgment but in love and care. He
was appearing to commission John and to use him in the great mission of
building up the churches and of reaching the lost for God.
“But the very hairs of your head are
all numbered. Fear ye not therefore ye are of more value than many sparrows” (Mt. 10:30–31).
“And when I saw him, I fell at his feet
as dead. And he laid his right hand upon me, saying unto me, Fear not; I am the
first and the last” (Re. 1:17).
“Fear thou not; For I am with thee: be
not dismayed; for I am thy God: I will strengthen thee; yea, I will help thee;
yea, I will uphold thee with the right hand of my righteousness” (Is. 41:10).
“Fear not: for I have redeemed thee, I
have called thee by thy name; thou art mine. When thou passest through the
waters, I will be with thee; and through the rivers, they shall not overflow
thee: when thou walkest through the fire, thou shalt not be burned; neither
shall the flame kindle upon thee” (Is. 43:1–2).
2. “I am
the first and the last” (v.17). That is, He is
the beginning and the end. He is the One who can be with a person forever—when
the person is born and when he dies and during all the days in between. He can
be with a person throughout all of eternity. John need not fear the awesome,
terrifying presence of Christ, for He is the eternal Lord of the universe as
well as the Savior of man.
“Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily,
I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am” (Jn. 8:58).
“And now, O Father, glorify thou me
with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.…
Father, I will that they also, whom thou hast given me, be with me where I am;
that they may behold my glory, which thou hast given me: for thou lovest me
before the foundation of the world” (Jn. 17:5, 24).
“I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning
and the end, the first and the last” (Re. 22:13).
3. “I am
He that lives, and was dead; and behold, I am alive forevermore” (v.18). The exalted and glorified Lord need
not be feared, for He is the same Person who came to earth and died and arose
for our salvation. He is exalted and dwells in the most awesome and frightening
glory, but He dwells there to save us, not to condemn us. He lives forevermore
to make us acceptable to God and to carry us through the evil and death of this
world.
“In him was life, and the life was the
light of men” (Jn. 1:4).
“I have come that they might have life
and that they might have it more abundantly” (Jn.
10:10).
“Jesus said unto her, I am the
resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet
shall he live” (Jn. 11:25).
“Jesus saith unto him, I am the way,
the truth, and the life: no man cometh unto the Father, but by me” (Jn. 14:6).
“And declared to be the Son of God with
power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead”
(Ro. 1:4).
“That if thou shalt confess with thy
mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him
from the dead, thou shalt be saved” (Ro. 10:9).
“Blessed be the God and Father of our
Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again
unto a lively [living] hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead
to an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away,
reserved in heaven for you” (1 Pe. 1:3–4).
4. “I
have the keys of hell and of death” (v.18).
Jesus Christ is the Savior of the world. He has conquered death, and He can
deliver us from judgment and hell. He has the keys to unlock both death and
hell and to deliver us from the bondage of both.
“But is now made manifest by the
appearing of our Saviour Jesus Christ, who hath abolished death, and hath
brought life and immortality to light through the gospel” (2 Ti. 1:10).
“Forasmuch then as the children are
partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same;
that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is,
the devil; and deliver them who through fear of death were all their lifetime
subject to bondage” (He. 2:14–15).
“And God shall wipe away all tears from
their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying,
neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away” (Re. 21:4).
“Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye
that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life,
and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life” (Jn. 5:24).
“Yet a little while and the world seeth
me no more, but ye see me: because I live, ye shall live also” (Jn. 14:19).
“He will swallow up death in victory, and the Lord God will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the Lord hath spoken it” (Is. 25:8).[7]
When I saw him, I fell at his
feet as though dead. Then he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid. I am the First and the Last. I am the
Living One; I was dead, and behold I am alive forever and ever! And I hold the
keys of death and Hades.” NIV
John’s response to the awesome sight of the glorious Son of Man was to fall at his feet as though dead. Most likely
this was not a trance; rather, it was in response to having seen a spectacular
vision. (Other such responses are recorded in Joshua
5:14; Ezekiel 1:28; Daniel 8:17; 10:8–9; Matthew 17:6; and Acts 26:14.)
The message given by this
glorious figure—Christ—is the same one that had been given to the women at the
tomb (Matthew 28:5): “Do not be afraid.” Jesus also told his followers not to be afraid
when he walked over to them across the water (Matthew
14:27) and when the three who had witnessed his Transfiguration had
fallen terrified to the ground (Matthew 17:7).
For those who believe, there is no need to fear. This Christ is the First and the Last—essentially the
same as the Alpha and the Omega in 1:8. In Isaiah 44:6, God says, “I am the First and the
Last; there is no other God” (nlt).
Christ is the Living One—not a dead
idol but alive and always with his people, every moment, in control of all
things. He is the same one who was resurrected. He was dead; that is, he experienced physical death on the cross. But
now he is alive forever and ever.
Because Jesus rose from the dead, he can promise the same for his people.
Jesus holds the keys of death and Hades, which give him complete control over that domain. Keys open doors, thus revealing what is behind them. In ancient days the key holders had high status in the community. Christ alone has absolute authority over people’s lives and deaths—and even when they are raised from the dead. He alone can free people from the ultimate enemy, death. He alone can say who will die and who will live, because he has the keys. The word “Hades” is the Greek word for the underworld, the realm of the dead; a different word describes “hell,” the place of torment. Hades is the word used in the New Testament for “Sheol”—the Old Testament word describing the place of the dead. The word “Hades” occurs here, in 20:13–14, and in Matthew 16:18. Believers need not fear death and Hades, because Christ holds the keys to both (see Luke 16:23).
“I Fell at His Feet as Dead;”
literally, as one dead—as a dead man.
St. Peter had fallen at Jesus’ feet when he became conscious of the ineffable
difference between sinlessness and sinfulness (Luke
5:8). How much more, therefore, would consciousness of the glorified
Christ overwhelm St. John! Long years of contemplation of the incarnate Son
would not prevent that. In like manner, Joshua (5:14),
Daniel (8:17, 27), and St. Paul (Acts 9:4) are affected by the Divine presence.
Fear not. Thus, Christ encouraged the terrified apostles on the lake (John 6:20) and at the Transfiguration. So also,
the angel cheered Daniel (10:12), Zacharias
(Luke 1:13), Mary (Luke
1:30), the shepherds (Luke 2:10), and
the women at the sepulcher (Matt. 28:5).[8]
Although there is no reason to suppose that the Lord appeared in the fulness of his glory to John, yet the vision was more than he could bear. “I fell at his feet as one dead.” It is in mercy to us that so much of the glory of the Saviour is concealed from us. We could no more bear to see it in its fulness than our eyes could bear to gaze on the splendors’ of the noonday sun. Hence it is a necessity for us that as yet we should see only as through a glass, darkly. But in the case of the apostle, the fact of his being so overpowered by the disclosure was the occasion for a fresh display of Divine tenderness in a touch of love. “He laid his right hand upon me,” etc. There was in this touch an assurance of Divine regard, in spite of the apostle’s sense of his own unworthiness. There was an expression of love. There was an impartation of power, which revived and recruited the drooping and exhausted frame. If Jesus is apart from us, we are soon overpowered. But if he comes with a reviving touch, making us feel how truly we belong to him, and how close we are bound up with the dearest interests of his heart, —this renews us. We live again. We can look up anew and wait joyfully for the sound of his voice.[9]
The “Fear Nots” of Christ.
“Fear not.” This is a characteristic word of the Bible, but especially of the Gospel, and chief of all, of our blessed Lord. For he not only, as in our text, spoke the word many times, but his whole message and mission to mankind was to banish the bondslave fear which had haunted them for so long from their minds. “‘Fear not’ is a plant that grows very plentifully in God’s Garden. If you look through the flower beds of Scripture, you will continually find by the side of other flowers the sweet ‘Fear nots’ peering out from among doctrines and precepts, even as violets look up from their hiding places of green leaves.” Take any concordance and count the number of times and note the occasions where the heart-cheering word or its equivalent occurs, and it will be seen that it is indeed a characteristic word of God to man. From Genesis to Revelation, from the earliest patriarch to the latest apostle, the sweet echo and reverberation of this word is clearly audible. Dr. Watts’s Catechism says, in its answer to the question, “Who was Isaiah?” “He was the prophet that spoke more of Jesus Christ than all the rest.” And this is so, and for this very reason he is richest in comfort to the people of God, and you will see more of these “Fear nots” in his writings than anywhere else. “They grow like the kingcups and the daisies, and other sweet flowers of the meadows, among which the little children in the spring tittle delight themselves, and the bank that is the fullest of these beautiful flowers is that which Isaiah has cast up.” But let us listen now to those blessed words spoken by Christ himself, rather than by his Spirit through his prophets.
I. And first this one in our text which drives away dread and dismay in presence of the Divine glory. Not but what there is good reason for such dread at the thought of God. For how stands the case between our souls and God? We have sinned—there is no doubt about that. And then there rises up before the soul the awful vision of God’s majesty and might and of his wrath against sin. And the dread that this vision causes is deepened as we hear the accusations of conscience, as we listen to the reasonings founded on the necessity of penalty following sin. “Plato, Plato,” said Socrates, “I cannot see how God can forgive sin.” As we observe the reign of law and note how therein every “transgression receives its just recompense of reward” (Heb. 2:2), all this fills the awakened soul with dread, as indeed it cannot but do. But to such soul, Christ comes and says, “Fear not.” In many ways he says this; but the chief of all by his cross and sacrifice, whereby he shows to us how without dishonor done to the Divine law, but rather with all honor rendered to it, God can “be just and yet the Justifier,” etc. To him, our Redeemer and Saviour, let the soul convinced of sin and in dread on account thereof, at once turn, and soon shall be heard, in spite of all accusing, condemning voices, the blessed word of Christ that silences them all, and says to the soul that trusts in him, “Fear not.”
II. This
same word— Meets the
renewed consciousness of sin which the sense of God’s goodness often produces.
“Fear not,” said our Lord to Peter; “from henceforth thou shalt catch men” (Luke 5:10). Peter was overwhelmed at the magnitude
of the blessing bestowed on him. “He was astonished at the draught of fishes
which they had taken.” Had the number been but small, he would not have been
astonished, but being what it was, he could only cast himself down before the
Lord and cry, “Depart from me; for I am a sinful man, O Lord!” He had known and
seen much of Christ before this; he had heard John say of him, “Behold the Lamb
of God, which taketh,” etc.; and he had believed and followed him. But never
before, that we know of, had there been wakened up in him such a sense of his
own unworthiness as he gives utterance to now. What led to it? Not the
quickened belief that Jesus was the Christ; not the sight of a miracle only,
for he had seen other miracles before this—that at Cana, for example; but it
was the sense of the Lord’s goodness to him, not in this great haul of fish
merely or chiefly, but in his condescension that he
should make such as he was his friend, companion, and apostle. And
such a sense of the Lord’s great goodness does have this humbling effect.
“The
more thy glories strike mine eye,
The
humbler I shall lie.”
Where there is borne in upon our minds the great love of God to usward, the light of that love makes us see more clearly our own unworthiness of it. It will not puff any man up with pride, or make him thank God that he is not as other men are, but will work in him such humility and lowliness of heart as, whilst it qualifies him the better to do Christ’s work, will need, and will have, Christ’s “Fear not” to prevent it becoming over hesitant and doubtful as to whether he can serve Christ at all. They who have been most honored, as Peter was, “to catch men for life,” as the Lord promised him, he should know how the sense of such unmerited goodness prostrates them before God in deepest self-abasement and in “penitential tears.” And it is to this mood of mind—so blessed in every way—that the Lord speaks his “Fear not.” Let each one of us, would we know more of the Lord’s goodness, especially in regard to success in all spiritual work, ask ourselves—What effect does that goodness have upon me? If it makes us proud and self-sufficient, that will be the signal for its coming to an end; but if, as it should, it humbles us and make us feel more than ever how unworthy, because of how sinful we are, then that will be the token that there is for us more blessing yet in store.
III. Forbids the giving up of hope even in seemingly
hopeless cases. This is the lesson of the “Fear not”
of our Lord which is given in Luke 8:50. If
ever there was a seemingly hopeless case, it was that of the recovery of the
little daughter of Jairus, after the messengers had come and told him, “Thy
daughter is dead.” No doubt he had fretted and fumed inwardly at the, as he
would think it, deplorable interruption and delay which had occurred owing to
the poor woman’s coming and touching the hem of the Lord’s garment, and so
being healed, all of which led to her discovery and confession, but likewise to
much loss of time. But when the word came to Jairus that his dear child was
dead, his distress and anguish must have been terrible, and were clearly
visible to the Lord, who at once meets it with this “Fear not: believe only,
and she shall be made whole.” Now, this is a typical instance and a never-to-be-forgotten
lesson for us all. Where Christ is concerned or rather concerns himself for us,
we need never, we may never, despair.
1. We may apply this lesson
largely to temporal events, though
not universally because oftentimes his will plainly is not to deliver us from
the temporal trouble which we fear. But even then, we should not fear, for
though not in form, yet in substance, he will give deliverance and help. He will
always do what is best, though that best be in some other form than that which
we have desired.
2. But the lesson is of
universal application in regard to spiritual
blessings which we seek at his hands. Many a dear one lies spiritually at
the point of death, and if we have gone to Christ with the entreaty that he
will come and heal, we are not to despair of our prayer being answered. We may
not see the answer in this world—God’s providence may have rendered that
impossible, but still, we are never to give up hope.
“It is told of a woman who prayed long for her husband, how she used to attend a certain meeting house in the north of England; but her husband never went with her. He was a drinking, swearing man, and she had much anguish of heart about him. She never ceased to pray, and yet she never saw any result. She went to the meeting house quite alone, with this exception, that a dog always went with her, and this faithful animal would curl himself up under the seat and lie quietly during the service. When she was dead, her husband was still unsaved, but the dog went to the meeting house. His master wondered whatever the faithful animal did at the service. Curiosity made him follow the good creature. The dog led him down the aisle to his dear old mistress’s seat. The man sat on the seat, and the dog curled himself up as usual. God guided the minister that day; the Word came with power, and that man wept till he found the Saviour” (Spurgeon). That instance is but one out of many more, all of which go to confirm the blessed lesson of this “Fear not.” Let ministers and teachers, parents, and all who have those dear to them as yet unsaved, be encouraged to persevere in fervent prayer and believing endeavor on their behalf. “Fear not: believe only, and” thy beloved one “shall be made whole.” And we may each one substitute our own selves for the daughter of Jairus, and read, “thy own soul” shall be made whole. For not seldom we are prone to despair about ourselves and to give up the contest. Old sins break out again, old habits reassert themselves, and we seem delivered over to them, and all our prayer and effort to be of no avail. “Fear not,” says the Lord to all such.
IV. Another of these “Fear nots”— Defies persecution. Matt. 10:28, “Fear not them which kill the body.” That entire chapter is an armory of weapons wherewith the war with the world may be successfully waged. Not much of open and violent persecution exists in our day. The serpent has had its fangs drawn, and the mouths of the lions have been shut, but still, the enemies of Christ know well enough how to inflict much pain on those who will not take their side but are faithful to the Lord. Many a working man and working woman who have to mingle in their daily employ with large numbers of others in warehouses, workshops, factories, and the like, can bear witness to the truth of this, and many a boy at school likewise. To all such, this “Fear not” of Christ’s especially comes. To be despised by men may be hard, but will it not be worse to be rejected by the Lord if you give in to the fear of man? And is not the glad welcome and “Well done” of Christ worth winning, even at the cost of a sharp, though short-lived persecution now? Surely it is. And think how little they can do. They cannot touch you. They may mangle and murder your poor body, though they are not likely to go so far as that; but that is not you. And when they have done that, they have no more that they can do. And how utter has been their failure in the past! One would have thought that the Church of Christ must have been exterminated long ago, considering what a ceaseless storm of hell’s artillery has been beating upon her devoted head. But lo! hire the Church of Christ is, invincible in him who himself is invincible. Satan, the prompter of all persecution, soon tires when he finds that failure follows all he does. “Fear not,” therefore; be bold for Christ. Confess him, and he will confess you.
V. This word— Dispels anxiety about the supply of earthly wants. In Luke 12:32 Christ says, “Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom.” He had been warning them against troubled, distracting thoughts about temporal provision, bidding them to seek first the kingdom of God, and all needful things should be added. And, to uplift them far above such anxiety, he bids them fear not, for the kingdom is to be theirs. And in confirmation of this word, does not observation attest that as a rule—there are, no doubt, exceptions—the wants of the servants of Christ are, somehow or other, supplied? A good man has written against that verse in the psalms which says, “I have been young, and now am old; yet … nor his seed begging bread”—against this he has written, “Then, David, I have.” Well, once and again he may have; but the rule is, “all these things” are added unto them. How it is done, whence it comes, or how much, is often a great puzzle. The cupboard may be very bare sometimes, and the cruse very dry, but supply comes as mysteriously but as surely as the ravens brought to the prophet his daily food. Yes, Christ makes good his word, and he will, brother, to thee. “Fear not,” therefore.
VI. And
let this blessed word serve us as it served St. Paul; for it— Sustains under apparent failure.
“Fear not,” said the Lord to St. Paul; “lo. God hath given thee all of them
that sail with thee” (Acts 27:24). It was
the time of Paul’s shipwreck. There seemed but a step betwixt him and death The
ship was going to pieces; there seemed no hope nor help. And this was to be the
end, apparently, of his apostolic career—Rome not seen, his work incomplete.
But then, by his angel, the Lord sent to him this “Fear not.” Let us be assured
all things—all events, and circumstances—must work; they do; they can never be
quiet. And they must work together. They seem at times to pull different ways
and to lead far apart from one another. But no; they are interlinked and
connected one with the other by all manner of associations so that they must
work together, whether they will or not. And they must work together for good,
and not evil, to them that love God. When the warp and the woof of the fabric
are complete, good shall be seen to be the outcome of it all. So was it with
all of Paul’s life and, not least, with this very shipwreck. And this “Fear
not” was sent to tell him that it would be so.
Oh, how constantly God is better to us than all our fears! Our worst troubles are those that never come at all, but which we are afraid will come. We often think we are brought to a dead halt, but, lo! as in many a lake and fiord you come up to a promontory or what seems like a wall of rock, and lo! there is an opening through which you glide, and there you are with more room than ever. Then “Fear not;” but cast thy care on God, and he will sustain thee. Apparent failure is not real, and out of the darkest perplexity he can bring forth light. —S. C.[10]
Revelation 1:17-18 [Fear Not] The Lord’s Reassuring Presence ~ “When I Saw Him, I Fell at His Feet as Dead. And He Laid His Right Hand Upon Me, Saying unto Me, Fear Not; …”
[1] Barton, Bruce B. 2000. Revelation.
Edited by Grant R. Osborne. Life Application Bible Commentary. Wheaton, IL:
Tyndale House Publishers.
[2] Leadership Ministries Worldwide. 1996. Revelation. The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible. Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide.
DS
Deeper Study
DS Deeper Study
[3] Leadership Ministries Worldwide. 1996. Revelation. The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible. Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide.
[4] Butler, John G. 2010. Analytical Bible
Expositor: Revelation. Clinton, IA: LBC Publications.
[5] Butler, John G. 2010. Analytical Bible
Expositor: Revelation. Clinton, IA: LBC Publications.
[6] Leadership Ministries Worldwide. 1996. Revelation. The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible. Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide.
[7] Leadership Ministries Worldwide. 1996. Revelation. The Preacher’s Outline & Sermon Bible. Chattanooga, TN: Leadership Ministries Worldwide.
NIV
Scripture quotations marked NIV are taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®. NIV®.
Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission
of Zondervan Publishing House. All rights reserved.
nlt Scripture quotations marked NLT are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation,
copyright © 1996. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.,
Wheaton, Illinois 60189. All rights reserved.
[8] Spence-Jones, H. D. M., ed. 1909. Revelation.
The Pulpit Commentary. London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company.
[9] Spence-Jones, H. D. M., ed. 1909. Revelation.
The Pulpit Commentary. London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company.
[10] Spence-Jones, H. D. M., ed. 1909. Revelation.
The Pulpit Commentary. London; New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company.
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